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VIRUSCAN Version 7.6V80
Copyright (C) 1989, 1990, 1991 by McAfee Associates.
All rights reserved.
Documentation by Aryeh Goretsky.
McAfee Associates (408) 988-3832 office
4423 Cheeney Street (408) 970-9727 fax
Santa Clara, CA 95054-0253 (408) 988-4004 BBS 2400 bps
U.S.A. (408) 988-5138 BBS HST 9600
(408) 988-5190 BBS v32 9600
Internet: mcafee@netcom.com
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
SYNOPSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
- What VIRUSCAN is, system requirements
AUTHENTICITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
- Verifying the integrity of VIRUSCAN
WHAT'S NEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
- Features, new viruses added in this release
OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
- Detailed description of VIRUSCAN
OPERATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
- How to use VIRUSCAN
EXAMPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
- Samples of frequently-used options
EXIT CODES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
- For running VIRUSCAN from batch files
VIRUS REMOVAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
- How to manually remove a virus
REGISTRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
- How to register VIRUSCAN
TECH SUPPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
- Information you should have ready when calling
APPENDIX A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
- Creating a virus string file with the /EXT option
VIRUSCAN Version 7.6V80 Page 2
SYNOPSIS
VIRUSCAN (SCAN) is a virus detection and identification
program for the IBM PC and compatible computers. VIRUSCAN will
search a PC for known computer viruses in memory, the boot sector,
the partition table, and the files of a PC and its disks. VIRUSCAN
will also detect the presence of unknown viruses.
SCAN works by searching the system for instruction sequences
or patterns that are unique to each computer virus, and then
reporting their presence if found. This method works for viruses
that VIRUSCAN recognizes. SCAN can detect unknown viruses in
files and boot sector by appending validation (CRC) codes to .COM
and .EXE files and then checking the files against their codes for
changes, warning that an infection may have occurred if the file
has been modified in any way, and by checking boot sectors for
generic routines that a boot sector virus must have. SCAN can
check for new viruses from a user-supplied list of virus search
strings.
VIRUSCAN runs on any PC with 256Kb and DOS version 2.00 or
greater.
AUTHENTICITY
VIRUSCAN runs a self-test when executed. If SCAN has been
modified in any way, a warning will be displayed. The program will
still continue to check for viruses, though. If SCAN reports that
it has been damaged, it is recommended that a clean copy be
obtained.
VIRUSCAN versions 46 and above are packaged with the VALIDATE
program to ensure the integrity of the SCAN.EXE file. The
VALIDATE.DOC instructions tell how to use the VALIDATE program.
The VALIDATE program distributed with VIRUSCAN may be used to check
all further versions of SCAN.
The validation results for Version 80 should be:
FILE NAME: SCAN.EXE
SIZE: 87,437
DATE: 06-24-1991
FILE AUTHENTICATION
Check Method 1: 58A9
Check Method 2: 0538
If your copy of SCAN.EXE differs, it may have been modified.
Always obtain your copy of VIRUSCAN from a known source. The
latest version of VIRUSCAN and validation data for SCAN.EXE can be
obtained off of McAfee Associates' bulletin board system at (408)
988-4004.
Beginning with Version 72, all McAfee Associates programs for
download are archived with PKWare's PKZIP Authentic File
Verification. If you do not see the "-AV" message after every file
is unzipped and receive the message "Authentic Files Verified!
# NWN405 Zip Source: McAFEE ASSOCIATES" when you unzip the files
then do not run them. If your version of PKUNZIP does not have
verification ability, then this message may not be displayed.
Please contact McAfee Associates if your .ZIP file has been
tampered with.
VIRUSCAN Version 7.6V80 Page 3
WHAT'S NEW
VIRUSCAN may now be registered by home users (within the
U.S.A. and Canada) by dialing a 900 number. If you wish to
register SCAN, and DO NOT wish to receive a diskette, you may
register by calling 1-(900) 230-5600. Give the name of the program
(SCAN), your name and address, and your phone number when voice
prompted. $25 will be billed to your telephone number. Please
note: This is a voice number. Do not call this number with your
modem, since you will be charged $25 for each call. If you wish
to receive a diskette, then use the REGISTER.DOC file for
information, and do not use the 900 number.
Versions 78 and 79 of VIRUSCAN were skipped because of two
trojan horse versions that appeared. Version 80 of SCAN logically
follows V77.
Version 80 adds several new features to VIRUSCAN:
The first is that SCAN now checks inside of files compressed
with PKWare's PKLITE program for viruses. Files infected before
compression will be reported as being infected internally. Files
infected after compression will be reported as being infected
externally.
When a subdirectory is scanned, SCAN will check subdirectories
below that subdirectory when the /SUB option is used.
The extension .SWP has been added to the list of extensions
scanned by default.
The /REPORT option now displays version number, options used,
date and time, and validation code results.
Also, the capabilty to detect unknown boot sector viruses by
scanning for virus-like code has been added. If a boot sector is
found that contains suspicious code, SCAN will report that the disk
contains a Unrecognized Boot Sector Virus.
51 new viruses have been added. Ones that were reported at
multiple sites are:
The Telephonica virus -- a memory-resident multipartite
virus that infects the boot sectors of floppy disks, the hard disk
partition table, and .COM files. The virus infects .COM files at
about 15 minute intervals, and keeps a counter of the number of
reboots that have occurred. When 400 reboots have occurred, the
virus displays the message "VIRUS ANTITELEFONICA (BARCELONA)" and
formats the hard disk. The virus has been reported at multiple
sites in Barcelona, Spain and in England.
The Loa Duong virus -- a memory-resident floppy disk and hard
disk boot sector infector. It is named after a Laotian funeral
dirge that it plays after every 128 disk accesses.
The Michelangelo -- a floppy disk boot sector and hard disk
partition table infector based on the Stoned virus. On March 6,
Michelangelo's birthdate, it formats the hard disk of infected
PC's.
The Tequila virus -- sent to us from the United Kingdom but
originates in Switzerland. It is a memory-resident multipartite
virus uses stealth techniques and attaches to the boot sector of
floppies, partition table of hard disks, and .EXE files. It
contains messages saying "Welcome to T.TEQUILA's latest
production.", "Loving thoughts to L.I.N.D.A", and "BEER and TEQUILA
forever !"
Several other new viruses were added, for a listing of them,
please refer to the enclosed VIRLIST.TXT file for a short
description of the new viruses. For a more complete description,
please refer to Patricia Hoffman's VSUM listing.
VIRUSCAN Version 7.6V80 Page 4
OVERVIEW
VIRUSCAN scans diskettes or entire systems for pre-existing
computer virus infections. It will identify the virus infecting
the system, and tell what area of the system (memory, boot sector,
file) the virus occupies. An infected file can be removed with
the overwrite-and-delete option, /D which will erase the file.
The CLEAN-UP program is also available to automatically disinfect
the system and repair damaged areas whenever possible.
VIRUSCAN Version 80 identifies all 293 known computer viruses
along with their variants. Some viruses have been modified so that
more than one "strain" exists. Counting such modifications, there
are 714 virus variants. The twenty most common viruses which
account for over 98% of all reported PC infections are also
identified by SCAN. The accompanying VIRLIST.TXT file lists
describes all new, public domain, and extinct computer viruses
identified by SCAN. The number of variants of each virus is listed
in parentheses after the virus name.
All known computer viruses infect one or more of the
following areas: the hard or fixed disk partition table (also
known as the master boot record); the DOS boot sector of hard disks
and floppy disks; or one or more executable files within the
system. Executable files include operating system files, .COM
files, .EXE files, overlay files, or any other files loaded into
memory and executed. A virus that infects more than one area, such
as a boot sector and an executable file is called a multipartite
virus.
VIRUSCAN identifies every area or file that is infected, and
indicates both the name of the virus and CLEAN-UP I.D. code used
to remove it. SCAN will check the entire system, an individual
diskette, subdirectory, or individual files for existing viruses.
VIRUSCAN can also check files for unknown viruses with the Add
Validation and Check Validation options. This is done by computing
a code for a file, appending it to the file, and then validating
the file against that code. If the file has been modified, the
check will no longer match, indicating that viral infection may
have occurred. SCAN uses two independently generated CRC (Cyclic
Redundancy Check) checks that are added to the end of program files
to do this. Files which are self-checking should not be validated
since this will "set off" the program's self-check. Files which
are self-modifying may have different values for the same program
depending upon the modifications. VIRUSCAN adds validation codes
to .COM and .EXE files only. The validation codes for the
partition table, boot sector, and system files, are kept in a
hidden file called SCANVAL.VAL in the root directory. To detect
boot sector viruses, SCAN checks the boot sector for signs of
viral code. If suspicious code is found, SCAN will report that it
has found a Suspcious Boot Sector Virus.
VIRUSCAN can also be updated to search for new viruses via
an External Virus Data File option, which allows the user to
provide the VIRUSCAN program with new search strings for viruses.
VIRUSCAN can display messages in either English or French.
VIRUSCAN works on stand-alone and networked PC's, but not on
a file server. For networks, the NETSCAN server drive scanning
program must be used.
VIRUSCAN Version 7.6V80 Page 5
OPERATION
IMPORTANT NOTE: WRITE PROTECT YOUR FLOPPY DISK BEFORE SCANNING
YOUR SYSTEM TO PREVENT INFECTION OF THE VIRUSCAN PROGRAM.
VIRUSCAN will check each area or file on the designated
drive(s) that could be host to a virus. If a virus is found, a
message is displayed telling the name of the infected file or
system area and the name of the identified virus. SCAN will
examine files for viruses based on their extensions. The default
file extensions supported by SCAN are .APP, .BIN, .COM, .EXE, .OV?,
.PGM, .PIF, .PRG, .SWP, .SYS, and .XTP. Additional extensions can
be added to SCAN or all files on disk can be selected for scanning.
To run VIRUSCAN type:
SCAN d1: ... d10: /A /AV /CV /D /E .xxx .yyy .zzz /EXT d:filename
/FR /MANY /NLZ /NOBREAK /NOMEM /NOPAUSE
/REPORT d:filename /RV /SUB
Options are:
\ - Scan root directory and boot area only
/A - Scan all files, including data, for viruses
/AV - Add validation codes to specified files
/CV - Check validation codes for files
/D - Overwrite and delete infected file
/E .xxx .yyy .zzz - Scan overlay extensions .xxx .yyy .zzz
/EXT d:filename - Scan using external virus information file
/FR - Display messages in French
/M - Scan memory for all viruses
(see below for specifics)
/MANY - Scan multiple floppies
/NLZ - Skip internal scan of LZEXE compressed files
/NOBREAK - Disable Ctrl-C / Ctrl-Brk during scanning
/NOMEM - Skip memory checking
/NOPAUSE - Disable screen pause when scanning
/REPORT d:filename - Create report of infected files
/RV - Remove validation codes from specified files
/SUB - Scan subdirectories
(d1: ... d10: indicate drives to be scanned)
The /A option will cause SCAN to check all files on the
referenced drive. This should only be used if a file-infecting
virus has already been detected. Otherwise the /A option should
only be used when checking a new program. The /A option will add
a substantial time to scanning. This option takes priority over
the /E option.
The /AV option allows the user to add validation codes to the
files being scanned. If a full drive is specified, SCAN will
create validation data for the partition table, boot sector, and
system files of the disk as well. Validation adds ten (10) bytes
to files; the validation data for the partition table, boot sector,
and system files is stored separately in a hidden file in the root
directory of the scanned drive.
VIRUSCAN Version 7.6V80 Page 6
The /CV option checks the validation codes inserted by the /AV
option. If the file has been changed, SCAN will report that the
file has been modified, and that viral infection may have occurred.
Using the /CV option adds about 25% more time to scanning.
NOTE: Some older Hewlett Packard and Zenith PC's modify the boot
sector or partition table each time the system is booted. This
will cause SCAN to continually notify the user of boot sector or
partition table modifications if the /CV switch is selected. Check
your system's manual to determine if your system contains
self-modifying boot code.
The /D option tells VIRUSCAN to prompt the user to overwrite
and delete an infected file when one is found. If the user selects
"Y" the infected file will be overwritten with hex code C3 [the
Return-to-DOS instruction] and then deleted. A file erased by the
/D option can not be recovered. If the McAfee Associates' CLEAN-
UP program is available, it is recommended that CLEAN be used to
remove the virus instead of SCAN, since in most cases it will
recover the infected file. Boot sector and partition table
infectors can not be removed by the /D option and require the
CLEAN-UP virus disinfection program.
The /E option allows the user to specify an extension or set
of extensions to scan. Extensions should include the period
character "." and be separated by a space after the /E and between
each other. Up to three extensions may be added with the /E. For
more extensions, use the /A option.
The /EXT option allows VIRUSCAN to search for viruses from a
text file containing user-defined search strings in addition to the
viruses that already SCAN checks for. The syntax for using the
external virus data file is /EXT d:filename, where d: is the drive
name and filename is the name of the external virus data file. For
instructions on how to create an external virus data file, refer
to Appendix A.
NOTE: The /EXT option is intended for users to add strings for
detection of computer viruses on an interim or emergency
basis. When used with the /D option, it will delete
infected files. This option is not recommended for general
use and should be used with caution.
The /FR option tells VIRUSCAN to output all messages in French
instead of English.
The /M option tells VIRUSCAN to check system memory for all
known computer viruses that can inhabit memory. SCAN by default
only checks memory for critical and "stealth" viruses, which are
viruses which can cause catastrophic damage or spread the infection
during the scanning process. SCAN will check memory for the
following viruses in any case:
1554 1971 1253 2100
3445-Stealth 4096 512 Anthrax
Brain Dark Avenger Disk Killer Doom-2
EDV Fish6 Form Invader
Joshi Microbes Mirror Murphy
Nomenclature Phantom Plastique Polish-2
P1R (Phoenix) Taiwan-3 Whale Zero-Hunt
VIRUSCAN Version 7.6V80 Page 7
If one of these viruses is found in memory, SCAN will stop and
advise the user to power down, and reboot the system from a
virus-free system disk. Using the /M option with another
anti-viral software package may result in false alarms if the other
package does not remove its virus search strings from memory. The
/M option will add 6 to 20 seconds to the scanning time.
The /MANY option is used to scan multiple diskettes placed in
a given drive. If the user has more than one floppy disk to
check for viruses, the /MANY option will allows the user to check
them without having to run SCAN multiple times. If a system has
been disinfected, the /MANY and /NOMEM options can be used to speed
up scanning of disks.
The /NLZ option tells VIRUSCAN not to look inside files
compressed with the LZEXE file compression program. SCAN will
still check the programs for external infections.
The /NOBREAK option disables Control-C or Control-Break from
stopping VIRUSCAN while running.
The /NOMEM option is used to turn off all memory checking for
viruses. It should only be used when a system is known to be free
of viruses.
The /NOPAUSE option disables the "More..." prompt that appears
when SCAN fills up a screen with data. This allows VIRUSCAN to run
on a machine with multiple infections without requiring operator
intervention when the screen fills up with messages from the SCAN
program.
The /REPORT option is used to generate a listing of infected
files. The resulting list is saved to disk as an ASCII text file.
To use the report option, specify /REPORT on the command line,
followed by the device and filename [See EXAMPLES below for
samples].
The /RV option is used to remove validation codes from a file
or files. It can be used to remove the validation code from a
diskette, subdirectory, or file(s). Using /RV on a disk will
remove the partition table, boot sector, and system file
validation. This option can not be used with the /AV option.
The /SUB option allows SCAN to scan subdirectories under a
a subdirectory when scanned. Previously, SCAN would only
recursively check subdirectories if a logical device (e.g., C:)
was scanned.
VIRUSCAN Version 7.6V80 Page 8
EXAMPLES
The following examples are shown as they would be typed in.
SCAN C:
To scan drive C:
SCAN A:R-HOOPER.EXE
To scan file "R-HOOPER.EXE" on drive A:
SCAN A: /A /CV
To scan all files and check validation codes for unknown
viruses on drive A:.
SCAN B: /D /A
To scan all files on drive B:, and prompt for erasure of
infected files.
SCAN C: D: E: /AV /NOMEM
To add validation codes to files on drives C:, D:, and
E:, and skip memory checking.
SCAN C: D: /M /A /FR
To scan memory for all known and extinct viruses, as well
as all files on drives C: and D:, and output all messages
in French.
SCAN C: D: /E .WPM .COD
To scan drives C: and D:, and include files with the
extensions .WPM and .COD
SCAN C: /EXT A:SAMPLE.ASC
To scan drive C: for known computer viruses and also for
viruses added by the user via the external virus data
file option.
SCAN C: /M /NOPAUSE /REPORT A:INFECTN.RPT
To scan for all viruses in memory and drive C: without
stopping, and create a log on drive A: called INFECTN.RPT
SCAN C: D: /NOPAUSE /REPORT B:VIRUS.RPT
To scan drives C: and D: for viruses without stopping,
and create a log on drive B: called VIRUS.RPT
SCAN E:\DOWNLOADS /SUB
To scan all subdirectories under DOWNLOADS on drive E:
VIRUSCAN Version 7.6V80 Page 9
EXIT CODES
VIRUSCAN will set the DOS ERRORLEVEL upon program termination
to:
ERRORLEVEL | DESCRIPTION
-----------+--------------------------
0 | No viruses found
1 | One or more viruses found
2 | Abnormal termination (program error)
If a user stops the scanning process, SCAN will set the ERRORLEVEL
to 0 or 1 depending on whether or not a virus was discovered prior
to termination of the SCAN. The /NOBREAK option can be used to
prevent scanning from being stopped.
VIRUS REMOVAL
What do you do if a virus is found? You can contact McAfee
Associates for help with removing viruses by BBS, FAX, telephone,
or Internet. There is no charge for support calls to McAfee
Associates.
The CLEAN-UP universal virus disinfection program is available
and will disinfect the majority of reported computer viruses. It
is updated with each release of the SCAN program to remove new
viruses. The CLEAN-UP program can be downloaded from McAfee
Associates BBS, the SIMTEL20 archives on the Internet, or from the
agents listed in the enclosed text file.
It is strongly recommended that you get experienced help in
dealing with viruses, especially critical viruses that can damage
or destroy data [for a listing of critical viruses, see the /M
option under OPTIONS, above] and partition table or boot sector
infecting viruses, as improper removal of these viruses could
result in the loss of all data and use of the disk(s).
For qualified assistance in removing a virus, please contact
McAfee Associates directly or check the enclosed AGENTS.TXT file
for an Authorized McAfee Associates Agent in your area. Agents may
charge McAfee Associates normal support rates for their services.
REGISTRATION
A registration fee of $25.00US is required for the use of
VIRUSCAN by individual home users. Registration is for one year
and entitles the holder to unlimited free upgrades off of McAfee
Associates BBS. When registering, a diskette containing the latest
version may be requested. Add $9.00US for diskette mailings. Only
one diskette mailing will be made.
Registration is for home users only and does not apply to
businesses, corporations, organizations, government agencies, or
schools, who must obtain a license for use. Contact McAfee
Associates for more information.
Outside of the United States, registration and support may be
obtained from the Agents listed in the accompanying AGENTS.TXT
file.
900 Number Registration
Home users in the U.S. and Canada may register SCAN by dialing
a 900 number and having the registration fee billed to their phone
number. If you wish to register SCAN through a 900 number, and DO
NOT wish a diskette to be mailed to you, call 1-(900) 230-5600.
Provide your name and address when prompted. $25 will be billed
to your phone. NOTE: This is a voice number. Do not dial
this number with your modem. If you want a diskette mailed to you,
then use the REGISTER.DOC file included with SCAN, and do not use
the 900 number registration.
VIRUSCAN Version 7.6V80 Page 10
TECH SUPPORT
For fast and accurate help, please have the following
information prepared when you contact McAfee Associates:
- Program name and version number.
- Type and brand of computer, hard disk, plus any
peripherals.
- Version of DOS you are running, plus any TSRs or device
drivers in use.
- Printouts of your AUTOEXEC.BAT and CONFIG.SYS files.
- The exact problem you are having. Please be as specific
as possible. Having a printout of the screen and/or
being at your computer will help also.
McAfee Associates can be contacted by BBS, fax, or Internet 24
hours a day, or call our business office at (408) 988-3832, Monday
through Friday, 8:30AM to 6:00PM Pacific Standard Time.
McAfee Associates (408) 988-3832 office
4423 Cheeney Street (408) 970-9727 fax
Santa Clara, CA 95054-0253 (408) 988-4004 BBS 2400 bps
U.S.A (408) 988-5138 BBS HST 9600
(408) 988-5190 BBS v32 9600
Internet: mcafee@netcom.com
If you are overseas, please refer to the AGENTS.TXT file for
a listing of McAfee Associates Agents for support or sales.
VIRUSCAN Version 7.6V80 Page 11
APPENDIX A: Creating a Virus String File with the /EXT Option
The External Virus Data file should be created with an editor
or a word processor and saved as an ASCII text file. Be sure each
line ends with a CR/LF pair.
NOTE: The /EXT option is intended for emergency and research use
only. It is an temporary method for identifying new viruses prior
to the subsequent release of SCAN. A sound understanding of
viruses and string-search techniques is advised as a prerequisite
for using this option.
The virus string file uses the following format:
#Comment about Virus_1
"aabbccddeeff..." Virus_1_Name
#Comment about Virus_2
"gghhiijjkkll..." Virus_2_Name
.
.
"uuvvwwxxyyzz..." Virus_n_Name
Where aa, bb, cc, etc. are the hexadecimal bytes that you wish to
scan for. Each line in the file represents one virus. The Virus
Name for each virus is mandatory, and may be up to 25 characters
in length. The double quotes (") are required at the beginning and
end of each hexadecimal string.
SCAN will use the string file to search memory, the Partition
Table, Boot Sector, System files, all .COM and .EXE files, and
Overlay files with the extension .BIN, .OV?, .PGM, .PIF, .PRG, .SYS
and .XTP.
Virus strings may contain wild cards. The two wildcard
options are:
FIXED POSITION WILDCARD
The question mark "?" may be used to represent a wildcard in
a fixed position within the string. For example, the string:
"E9 7C 00 10 ? 37 CB"
would match "E9 7C 00 10 27 37 CB", "E9 7C 00 10 9C 37 CB", or any
other similar string, no matter what byte was in the fifth place.
RANGE WILDCARD
The asterisk "*", followed by range number in parentheses "("
and ")" is used to represent a variable number of adjoining random
bytes. For example, the string:
"E9 7C *(4) 37 CB"
would match "E9 7C 00 37 CB", "E9 7C 00 11 37 CB", and
"E9 7C 00 11 22 37 CB". The string "E9 7C 00 11 22 33 44 37 CB"
would not match since the distance between 7C and 37 is greater
than four bytes. You may specify a range of up to 99 bytes.
VIRUSCAN Version 7.6V80 Page 12
Up to 10 different wildcards of either kind may be used in one
virus string.
COMMENTS
A pound sign "#" at the begining of a line will denote that
it is a comment. Use this for adding notes to the external virus
data file. For example:
#New .COM virus found in file FRITZ.EXE from
#Schneiderland on 01-22-91
"53 48 45 45 50" Fritz-1 [F-1]
Could be used to store a description of the virus, name of the
original infected file, where and when it was received, and so
forth.